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316
Chemical Composition：
| C | Si | Mn | Ni | P | S | Cr | Mo | Cu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
≤0.08 |
≤0.65 |
1 – 2.5 |
11 – 14 |
≤ 0.03 |
≤ 0.03 |
18 – 20 |
2-3 |
≤ 0.75 |
Product Overview：
The introduction of molybdenum in the alloying process improves the corrosion resistance of 316 stainless steel. It is very similar to Type 304 and is almost as commercially popular – the main differences are that the alloy is stronger at elevated temperatures and corrosion resistance is better, especially in chloride environments. With excellent weldability, good machinability and excellent pitting resistance, 316 is used in the fabrication of pressure vessels and heat exchangers.Type 316L is a low carbon version of Type 316 which minimizes carbide precipitation due to welding.
Mechanical Properties :
| Grade |
Mechanical properties |
YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | %EL | Hardness(HRB) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
316 |
ASTM A240 |
≥ 205 |
≥ 515 |
≥ 40 |
≤9 |
Physical Properties :
| Density (Kg/m3) | Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) | Thermal Conductivity (W/m°C) | Thermal Expansion coefficient (µm/m/°C) | Electrical Resistivity (µΩm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
7980 |
193 |
16.3 |
15.9 |
0.7 |
Product Features :
- Improved corrosion resistance when compared to 304
- More suitable for chloride environments
- Good machinability
- 316 is stronger than 304 at elevated temperatures
Applications :
- Pressure vessels, heat exchangers
- Chemical containers, food preparation equipment
- Furnace parts, valves and pumps
304
Chemical Composition：
| C | Si | Mn | Ni | P | S | Cr | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
≤0.07 |
≤0.75 |
≤2.00 |
8.0-10.5 |
≤0.045 |
≤0.030 |
17.5-19.5 |
≤0.10 |
Product Overview：
Type 304 stainless steels have a lower carbon content which minimises chromium carbide precipitation due to welding and its susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. It is an austenitic alloy which contains 8% nickel and 18% chrome. 304 benefits from reasonable machinability whilst weldability and forming characteristics are excellent. Complex shapes can be formed due to the alloys low yield strength and high elongation. The material also benefits from very good drawability.
Type 304L is the low carbon version of 304, does not require post-weld annealing and so is extensively used in heavy gauge components (over about 6mm). The alloy can be successfully welded using common techniques.
Mechanical Properties :
| Grade |
Mechanical properties |
YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | %EL | Hardness(HRB) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
304 |
ASTM A240 |
515 min |
205 min |
40 min |
92 max |
Physical Properties :
| Density (Kg/m3) | Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) | Thermal Conductivity (W/m°C) | Thermal Expansion coefficient (µm/m/°C) | Electrical Resistivity (µΩm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
7910 |
198 |
16.3 |
17.3 |
0.72 |
Product Features :
- 18% chrome and 8% nickel content
- Can be welded by common techniques
- Reasonable machinability
- Good drawability
Applications :
- Springs, nuts, bolts & screws
- Chemical and pharmaceutical equipment
- Sinks and splash backs
303
Chemical Composition：
| C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Ni | Fe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
0-0.10 |
0-2.0 |
0-1.0 |
0-0.4 |
0-0.15 |
17-19 |
8-10 |
balance |
Product Overview：
The machineable nature of Grade 303 stainless steel is due to the presence of Sulphur in the steels composition. Whilst the Sulphur improves machining, it also causes a decrease in the corrosion resistance and a slight lowering of the toughness. The corrosion resistance of grade 303 stainless steel is lower than that for 304. The toughness is still excellent as with other austenitic grades.
Mechanical Properties :
| Grade | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Proof Stress (MPa) | Elongation A5 mm | Hardness Brinell |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
303 |
500-750 MPa |
190 Min MPa |
35 Min % |
230 Max HB |
Physical Properties :
| Density (Kg/m3) | Melting Point | Thermal Conductivity (W/m°C) | Thermal Expansion coefficient (µm/m/°C) | Electrical Resistivity (µΩm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
7700 |
200 |
10.9 |
25.9 |
600 |
Stainless Steel Grade 303 Also Corresponds To The Following Standard Designations And Specifications:
| Euronorm | UNS | BS | En | Grade |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1.4305 |
S30300 |
303S31 |
58M |
303 |
Product Features :
- Nuts and bolts
- Screws
- Gears
- Aircraft fittings
- Bushings
- Shafts
Applications :
Grade 303 stainless steel is used in applications that require parts to be heavily machined. These applications include
Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel Alloy 303 :
Grade 303 stainless steel has good resistance to oxidation when intermittently exposed to temperature up to 760°C temperatures. It also has good oxidation resistance in continuous service to 870°C. This, however, is not recommended as 303 is sensitive to carbide precipitation with continuous use at 425-860°C.
Cold Working of Stainless Steel Alloy 303 :
Type 303 is not readily cold workable. Some cold working is possible but sharp bending should not be attempted.
Hot Working of Stainless Steel Alloy 303 :
Fabrication methods, like forging, that involve hot working like should occur after uniform heating to 1149-1260°C. The fabricated components should then be rapidly cooled to ensure maximum corrosion resistance.
410
Chemical Composition：
| C | Si | Mn | Ni | P | S | Cr | Mo | Cu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
≤0.12 |
≤0.5 |
≤0.6 |
≤0.6 |
≤0.03 |
≤0.03 |
11.5-13.5 |
≤0.75 |
≤0.75 |
Product Overview：
Grade 410 stainless steels are general-purpose martensitic stainless steels containing 11.5% chromium, which provide good corrosion resistance properties. However, the corrosion resistance of grade 410 steels can be further enhanced by a series of processes such as hardening, tempering and polishing. Quenching and tempering can harden grade 410 steels. They are generally used for applications involving mild corrosion, heat resistance and high strength.
Martensitic stainless steels are fabricated using techniques that require final heat treatment. These grades are less resistant to corrosion when compared to that of austenitic grades. Their operating temperatures are often affected by their loss of strength at high temperatures, due to over-tempering and loss of ductility at sub-zero temperatures.
Mechanical Properties :
| Grade | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | %EL | Hardness(HRB) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
UNS S41008 |
415 min |
205 min |
22 min |
89 max |
Physical Properties :
| Density (Kg/m3) | Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) | Thermal Conductivity (W/m°C) | Thermal Expansion coefficient (µm/m/°C) | Electrical Resistivity (µΩm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
7700 |
200 |
10.9 |
25.9 |
600 |
Product Features :
- Bolts, screws, bushings and nuts
- Petroleum fractionating structures
- Shafts, pumps and valves
- Mine ladder rungs
- Gas turbines
Applications :
Grade 410 steels can be easily machined in highly tempered or annealed conditions. However, it is hard to machine grade 410 steels if they are hardened above 30HRC. Free machining grade 416 is the best alternative.
420
Chemical Composition：
| C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Ni | Fe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
0.15-0.36 |
≤1.00 |
≤1.00 |
≤0.04 |
≤0.03 |
12.0-14.0 |
≤1.00 |
Balance |
Product Overview：
Alloy 420 is a hardenable, martensitic stainless steel that is a modification of Alloy 410. Similar to 410, it contains a minimum of 12% chromium, just sufficient enough to give corrosion resistant properties. Alloy 420 has higher carbon content than Alloy 410 which is designed to optimize strength and hardness characteristics. It has good ductility it the annealed condition but is capable of being hardened to a minimum Rockwell hardness of 50 HRC, the highest hardness of the 12% chromium grades. Due to its hardening properties, Alloy 420 is not often welded, although it is possible. Its best corrosion resistance is achieved when the metal is hardened and surface ground or polished.
Mechanical Properties :
| Tempering Temperature (°C) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) | Elongation (% in 50mm) | Hardness Brinell (HB) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
Product Features :
Stainless 420 possesses similar qualities to the 420 grade, but provides improved hardness and strength when heat treated. Best suited for applications that require mild corrosion resistance, heat resistance, and excellent strength
Applications :
Alloy 420 is used for a variety of applications where good corrosion and outstanding hardness is necessary. It is not usually used at temperatures exceeding 800oF (427oC) due to quick hardening and loss of corrosion resistance. Examples of applications that use alloy 420 include:
Knife blades
Surgical instruments
Needle valves
Shear blades
Scissors
Hand tools
430
Chemical Composition：
| Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Ni |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
430 |
0.12 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
16.0-18.0 |
0.75 |
Product Overview：
Type 430 is a ferritic stainless steel with corrosion resistance approaching that of 304/304L stainless steel. This grade does not work harden rapidly and can be formed using both mild stretch forming, bending, or drawing operations. This grade is used in a variety of interior and exterior cosmetic applications where corrosion resistance is more important than strength. Type 430 has poor weldability compared to most stainless steels due to the higher carbon content and lack of stabilizing elements for this grade, which requires post weld heat treatment to restore the corrosion resistance and ductility.
Mechanical Properties :
| Grade | Tensile Strength (MPa) min | Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) min | Elongation (% in 50mm) min | Hardness | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
Product Features :
Type 430 is a commonly used stainless steel with good corrosion resistance. It features better thermal conductivity than Austenite with smaller thermal expansion coefficient. In addition, it embodies good heat fatigue resistance and stress corrosion resistance
Applications :
Typical applications for 430 grade include:
Linings for dish washers
Refrigerator cabinet panels
Automotive trim
Lashing Wire
Element Supports
Stove trim rings
Fasteners
Chimney Liners